Children’s Disorders
The changes we seek
Changing support requires a change in professional assumptions, everyday practice and institutional responsibility.
On this page
A necessary change of paradigm—including for doctors
A child’s difficulties cannot be treated as a fixed problem that is diagnosed, brought under control and then maintained with small adjustments. Needs and circumstances interact and change. Parents, teachers, doctors, psychologists, occupational therapists, other therapists, coaches and service leaders must be prepared to revise both their explanation and their response.
For some professionals, this will mean accepting that an earlier approach was mistaken or incomplete, with consequences that may include bullying, distress, lost time and lost opportunities. That is a difficult admission. Protecting professional comfort or reputation cannot justify continuing the error. Acknowledgement must lead to correction, a clear account of what changes and scrutiny of whether the new response works.
Families cannot be the permanent monitoring, integration and emergency-response service for disconnected institutions. Reform must reduce the work they carry, make disagreement answerable and provide timely support when needs shift. Medication review is one application of this obligation. It does not contain the whole argument.
The child’s account must be able to change the plan, and professionals must show how it did. Where a request was not followed, the reasons and the alternative belong in the record, not a note that the parent was 'uncooperative'. The practical version of this standard is in the whole picture and the responsibilities by role; P4 below makes it a demand on the process.
We must change the words we reach for
A change in understanding requires deliberate practice in using a different vocabulary. Calling overload a “tantrum”, or recording a child as “manipulative” without examining the event, can make blame stand in for an explanation. Parents, teachers, doctors, therapists and institutions must question those habits in speech, reports and everyday decisions.
Use “meltdown” for the defined overload response, describe what happened and separate observation from assumed intent. Then change the response: reduce demands where needed, listen to the child, investigate the conditions and check whether support works. Replacing a label while keeping an unsuitable approach is insufficient. This applies in English, Greek and every language we use.
Our curated glossary explains what to use, what to avoid, the reasons and the evidence behind these choices.
Nine positions, one integrated approach
These positions connect the guide’s questions to concrete requests. See the evidence notes and report method.
- Co-occurrence: assessment should consider interacting difficulties without assuming one explanation accounts for everything. → P1, P3.
- Overlapping presentations: we seek explicit questions, monitoring and coordination, including medical review of medication. → P3, P7.
- Individual variation: consider participation and needs alongside abilities and assessment results. → P9.
- Development: we seek continual checks that the whole support arrangement still fits, shared work and timely action when needs or demands shift. → P1, P5, P7, P8.
- Observation and voice: consider family observations with reasons and enable the child to participate accessibly. → P4.
- Coordination: identify responsibilities and waiting stages so families do not bear the entire integration task. → P1, P2, P8.
- Relevant support: seek timely school adjustments, professional literacy and access to appropriate expertise. → P5, P6, P7.
What is established and what remains open
Review status, 25 October 2026: all nine proposals remain under development. Selective Greek research on school support while assessment is pending (P5) and family assistance and continuity (P8) has been completed. It does not amount to a complete current-law audit, national capacity map or representative implementation study.
The legal references below remain starting points whose applicability must be checked. Distinguish an existing duty not delivered, a capacity or funding gap and a rule that needs changing. The revisions here are proposals for review, not a record of institutional adoption.
P1 · Coordinated assessment and referral
We seek an identified coordinator and a way to connect clinical and educational findings. Investigate existing provision, failed handoffs and actual constraints.
Legal baseline and implementation questions
Legal baseline to verify: Law 4823/2021 Articles 11/17; Laws 2716/1999 and 5129/2024; unit-specific operating decisions.
Coordination and capacity. Verify powers of the health and education ministries and service management. Test staffing, coordination time and safe information sharing.
The coordinator should retain the developmental history and unresolved questions across referrals and transitions, confirm the receiving service’s next action and prevent the family having to start again.
P2 · Comparable waiting information
Publish the waiting stage and update date. Time to first appointment, completed assessment and actual support are different measures.
Legal baseline and implementation questions
Legal baseline to verify: ΚΕΔΑΣΥ and clinical-service frameworks; applicable publication duties are not yet fully identified.
Information, implementation or regulatory change, depending on verification. Relevant service management and ministries must be identified. We have not established that Greece has no published data.
P3 · A clear written integrated account
Connect findings, uncertainty and practical consequences in an understandable account. Explain each instrument’s purpose and the next action.
Legal baseline and implementation questions
Legal baseline to verify: Law 4823/2021 Article 11; Law 3418/2005 Articles 11–14; GDPR Articles 12/15 and Law 4624/2019, subject to applicability checks.
Reporting standards and implementation. Examine clinical/educational services and competent bodies. Access to records, an integrated formulation and raw test materials are different questions.
The account should also state what remains uncertain, which developments need monitoring, who will review them and whether previous recommendations were actually implemented. A report must support continuity, not simply close an appointment.
P4 · Consider family observations
Provide a clear route for relevant observations and explain how they informed assessment. Enable the child’s participation through accessible communication.
Legal baseline and implementation questions
Legal baseline to verify: Law 4823/2021 Article 11; ΕΔΥ (school interdisciplinary support committees) and clinical-record rules as applicable.
Coordination and implementation. Examine ΚΕΔΑΣΥ, school and clinical services. Considering an observation does not compel a diagnosis. Check existing participation provisions first.
Relevant observations already supplied deserve an identifiable response: examined, awaiting further information or left unresolved with a reason and next step. Receipt alone is insufficient. Safe, purposeful sharing and accessible participation must be built into the process. Stigma and trust.
Show how the child’s feedback changed the response, and record reasons and alternatives where a request was not followed. Consultation without an effect on practice is insufficient.
P5 · Support while assessment is pending
Identify what can be done now for observed needs and how it will be reviewed. Separate classroom adjustments from specific provisions with approval requirements.
Legal baseline and implementation questions
Legal baseline to verify: Laws 3699/2008 and 4823/2021; Decision 134960/Δ3/2021; Circular 59233/Δ3/14-05-2026. Current application and amendments require verification.
Implementation, resources and any necessary rule changes. Examine schools, education administrations and the education ministry. Do not presume all support requires medical diagnosis.
Ask the school to identify immediate teaching adjustments, the applicable interim support route, who initiates each institutional step and what will actually be delivered. Check breaks, transitions and the afternoon as well as lessons. An approved provision without staff or a usable timetable is not delivered support. Sending a child home, leaving them out of trips or requiring a parent to attend because support was not arranged is unmet support, not a behaviour outcome. Starting questions.
P6 · Professional competence and correction of harmful practice
This responsibility extends to doctors, psychologists, occupational and other therapists, coaches and service managers — not only to teachers. Training must be accompanied by supervision, examination of mistaken assumptions, correction of harmful practice and a substantive route for challenge. Professional bodies and health-service leadership belong alongside education authorities in this proposal.
Legal baseline and implementation questions
Legal baseline to verify: Law 3966/2011; Law 5128/2024 Article 71; relevant Law 4823/2021 provisions and programme decisions.
Training and implementation. Examine ΙΕΠ (the Institute of Educational Policy), the education ministry and university departments. Teachers observe and communicate; they do not direct medication.
Training should connect observation, interacting difficulties, adjustments and collaboration. Examine existing content before asserting gaps.
P7 · Expertise and time for reassessment and treatment review
Medical review must also reconsider diagnostic assumptions, unexplained needs, meaningful changes and the fit with educational and other support. Allow time to connect the history and explain uncertainty. Growth, benefit, adverse effects and daily coverage make medication monitoring one necessary part of this broader work.
Legal baseline and implementation questions
Legal baseline to verify: ΕΚΠΥ (the Greek Uniform Regulation of Health Benefits), 2025 with corrections and 2026 amendments, Articles 38/42 annexes; Decree 49/2016; applicable appointment, payment and prescribing rules still to identify.
Access, competence and funding. Examine ΕΟΠΥΥ, the health ministry and services. We do not assert that pragmatic-language work is excluded from reimbursement.
Clarify access to pragmatic-communication expertise and funded time for medical monitoring and titration when indicated.
P8 · Dependable help, family workload and continuity
We call for the evidence to be used to secure dependable practical relief and continuity: suitable care, transport, hours families can actually use and backup when a parent is unavailable. Identify the responsible body, eligibility, cost and real capacity. Proposed extension: measure the responsibilities and hours taken off the family, alongside research on its burden. The delivery model, funding and legal responsibility require further policy appraisal.
Legal baseline and implementation questions
Legal baseline to verify: Remit of the prospective research/funding body; Laws 4074/2012 and 4488/2017 as contextual leads, not fully reviewed provisions.
Research commissioning and funding. Body, protocol, cost and ethics remain open. No family data are collected.
Seek suitable Greek research on time, coordination, work, isolation and siblings. First identify existing studies and appropriate instruments.
P9 · Decisions grounded in participation and context
Interpret scores alongside functioning, assistance and environment. Adequate performance should not automatically close a discussion of support needs.
Legal baseline and implementation questions
Legal baseline to verify: Laws 4823/2021 and 3699/2008; current report forms and standards to examine. ICF is a functioning framework, not a new score or automatic entitlement.
Reporting standards and implementation. Examine competent education and health bodies. Universal score-only decision-making in Greece has not been established.
Include the effort, distress, recovery and assistance behind a result, and the sustainability of that assistance. A child’s success under substantial support cannot by itself justify removing the support.
How we will judge change
We ask whether support arrives in time, explanations and responsibilities are clear, participation improves and families repeat less coordination work. Another report issued does not answer all those questions.
Evaluation must track whether earlier warnings were acted on, whether repeated harm decreased, whether support remains usable as needs change and whether families can obtain correction without repeatedly proving the same history. Disclosure should lead to appropriate help, not stigma.